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根據性質的不同，測量誤差一般分為系統誤差、偶然誤差和疏失誤差三類。<div>系統誤差產生的原因及消除方法</div><div>系統誤差是在測量過程中，或遵循一定的規律變化，或在相同條件下，多次測量同一量時其大小和符號保持不變的誤差，造成系統誤差的原因主要有以下幾方面.</div><div>1)測量設備的誤差:由于標準度量器具、儀器儀表本身具有誤差，例如刻度不準，就會在測量中造成系統誤差.</div><div>2)測量方法的誤差:由于測量方法不夠完善而引起的。例如引用近似公式，以及沒能足夠估計漏電、熱電勢、接觸電阻、儀表內阻等影響，都會造成系統誤差。</div><div>此外，由于測量裝置的安裝或配線不當，周圍環境條件的變化等因素都會在測量中造成系統誤差.</div><div>消除系統誤差的方法，一般有以下幾種:</div><div>1)對度量器及測量儀器進行校正。在測量中，度是器和測量儀器的誤差直接影響測量結果的準確度，所以常引人其更正值，以消除誤差。</div><div>2)選擇合理的測zui方法，配俄適當的測墩儀器，改善儀表儀器安裝質zui和配線方法，測量前檢查調整儀表零位，并采取屏蔽措施來消除外部磁場及電場的影響，等等.</div><div>偶然誤差產生的原因及其消除方法</div><div>偶然誤差是一種大小和符號都不固定的具有偶然性的誤差。產生偶然誤差的原因很多，例如溫度、濕度、磁場、電場、電源頻率等的偶然變化.都會引起偶然誤差。所以，在*相同的條件下，以同樣仔細程度巫復進行同一個貧的測量時，測量結果往往不*相同。</div><div>對于偶然誤差，不能用實驗的方法加以檢查和消除，只能根據偶然誤差的具體情況來處理。理論和實踐證明，在足夠多次的測量中，值相等的正誤差和負誤差出現的次數是相同的，而且小誤差出現的次致總比大誤差出現的次數多.因此，在足夠多次的測量中，偶然誤差的算術平均值必然趨近于零.由此可知，為了消除偶然誤差對測量結果的影響，可以采用增加重復測量次數的方法來實現.測量次數越多.測量結果的算術平均位則越趨近于實際值.</div><div>在電工測量中，由于偶然誤差較小，通常可忽略不計.</div><div>疏失誤差產生的原因及處理</div><div>疏失誤差由測量中的琉失所引起，是一種明顯地歪曲測量結果的誤差.例如對測暴儀器儀表的讀數不正確，對觀查結果的記錄不正確等.</div><div>由于疏失誤差錯誤明顯，并且常常嚴重地歪曲了測量結果，因此，包含有疏失誤差的測量結果是不可信的，應予否定，并且再次測量。</div> 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